Refugees are not the creators of the crisis. They are the victims

Refugees and refugee protection have become global issues, in a number of ways.

Firstly, geographically. There is no region of the world not affected, whether as a producer or a receiver of refugees, or as a country of transit.

Secondly, in the causes of migration. These form a broad spectrum, including forced migration, due to persecution, conflict, environmental issues and violation of human rights; economic migration; voluntary migration; and, in several cases, people migrating for different reasons but following the same routes at the same time. This variety creates a challenge for the specific needs of refugee protection, especially when global actions and policies contributing to migration are not made accountable.

This creates a huge gap between the protection needs of refugees, and what states are willing to provide. This is the crux of the real crisis for refugees.

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4) severe violation of human rights, such as:

e) violations of the right to life

5) lack of respect to specific vulnerabilities (such as those of children, women, the elderly, persons with disabilities and LGBT refugees).

These violations occur when refugees are on the move, once they have reached “safe” territories, and even when they have found shelter. Consider refugee camps, for example, in which access to economic and social rights, and durable solutions, are scarce. Furthermore, the number of resettlement places is diminishing, along with funding that even at its highest levels was not enough to meet the needs of refugees.

However, such ongoing violations do not stop migration. They only make it harder and more hazardous. They endanger the lives of refugees, and jeopardise the right to migrate.

Image: UNHCR Global Trends 2016

Refugees are not the problem — they are not the creators of the crisis. Refugees are the victims of the crisis. Protection strategies need to be re-designed, reformulated, and implemented in different ways to confront the current scenario.

The main challenges involve:

- safe access to territories

- creating legal pathways for mobility

- access to safe territories for all (potential) refugees

- creating more resettlement slots

- access to refugee status determination (RSD) procedures

- adequate RSD procedures

- respect of particular vulnerabilities

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